​Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder​

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Symptoms typically emerge before age 12 and can significantly impair academic, occupational, and social functioning.

What is the estimated prevalence of ADHD?

An estimated 404 million adults have ADHD globally.

What are the most common symptoms of ADHD?

Common symptoms of ADHD include difficulty sustaining attention, excessive motor activity, and impulsive behavior. In children and young people, this may manifest as distractibility, fidgeting, interrupting others, or difficulty following instructions.

Are there different types of ADHD?

ADHD is classified into three main presentations: predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive–impulsive, and combined. A fourth, unspecified presentation is used when symptoms do not clearly fit the other categories.

How can ADHD be managed?

Management strategies depend on age, symptom severity, and individual needs. First-line treatments include stimulant and non-stimulant medications, alongside behavioral interventions. Parent training and school-based strategies are particularly effective in younger populations. Multimodal approaches are often recommended for optimal outcomes.

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