Tuxarin

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE TUXARIN ER is indicated for the temporary relief of cough and upper respiratory symptoms associated with allergy or the common cold in patients 18 years of age and older. TUXARIN ER is a combination of codeine, an opioid agonist; and chlorpheniramine, a histamine-1 (H 1 ) receptor antagonist, indicated for the temporary relief of cough and upper respiratory symptoms associated with allergy or the common cold in patients 18 years of age and older. ( 1 ) Important Limitations of Use ( 1 ) Not indicated for pediatric patients under 18 years of age. Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse with opioids, even at recommended doses, reserve TUXARIN ER for use in adult patients for whom the benefits of cough suppression are expected to outweigh the risks, and in whom an adequate assessment of the etiology of the cough has been made. Important Limitations of Use Not indicated for pediatric patients under 18 years of age [see Use in Specific Population (8.4) ]. Contraindicated in pediatric patients under 12 years of age [ see Contraindications (4) , Use in Specific Populations (8.4) ]. Contraindicated in pediatric patients 12 to 18 years of age after tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy [see Contraindications (4) , Use in Specific Populations (8.4) ]. Because of the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse with opioids, even at recommended doses [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ], reserve TUXARIN ER for use in adult patients for whom the benefits of cough suppression are expected to outweigh the risks, and in whom an adequate assessment of the etiology of the cough has been made.

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following serious adverse reactions are described, or described in greater detail, in other sections: Addiction, abuse, and misuse [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) , Drug Abuse and Dependence (9.3) ] Life-threatening respiratory depression [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2 , 5.3 , 5.4 , 5.5 , 5.9) , Overdosage (10) ] Ultra-rapid metabolism of codeine and other risk factors for life-threatening respiratory depression in children [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] Accidental overdose and death due to medication errors [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ] Decreased mental alertness with impaired mental and/or physical abilities [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ] Interactions with benzodiazepines and other CNS depressants [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] Paralytic ileus, gastrointestinal adverse reactions [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ] Increased intracranial pressure [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.11) ] Obscured clinical course in patients with head injuries [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.11) ] Seizures [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.12) ] Interactions with MAOI [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.13) ] Severe hypotension [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.14) ] Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.15) ] Adrenal insufficiency [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.16) ] The following adverse reactions have been identified during clinical studies, or during post-approval use of codeine and/or chlorpheniramine. Because these reactions may be reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. The most common adverse reactions to TUXARIN ER include: Sedation (somnolence, mental clouding, lethargy), impaired mental and physical performance, lightheadedness, dizziness, headache, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, constipation, shortness of breath, and sweating. Other reactions include: Anaphylaxis : Anaphylaxis has been reported with codeine, one of the ingredients in TUXARIN ER. Body as a whole : Coma, death, fatigue, falling injuries, lethargy. Cardiovascular : Peripheral edema, increased blood pressure, decreased blood pressure, tachycardia, chest pain, palpitation, syncope, orthostatic hypotension, prolonged QT interval, hot flush. Central Nervous System : Ataxia, facial dyskinesia, insomnia, increased intracranial pressure, migraine, seizure, tremor, tinnitus, vertigo. Dermatologic : Flushing, hyperhidrosis, pruritus, rash. Endocrine/Metabolic : Cases of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition, have been reported during concomitant use of opioids with serotonergic drugs. Cases of adrenal insufficiency have been reported with opioid use, more often following greater than one month of use. Cases of androgen deficiency have occurred with chronic use of opioids [ see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2) ]. Gastrointestinal : Abdominal pain, bowel obstruction, decreased appetite, diarrhea, difficulty swallowing, GERD, indigestion, pancreatitis, paralytic ileus, biliary tract spasm (spasm of the sphincter of Oddi). Genitourinary : Urinary tract infection, ureteral spasm, spasm of vesicle sphincters, urinary retention. Hematologic : Agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, and thrombocytopenia have been reported. Laboratory: Increases in serum amylase. Musculoskeletal : Arthralgia, backache, muscle spasm. Ophthalmic : Blurred vision, diplopia, miosis (constricted pupils), visual disturbances. Psychiatric : Agitation, anxiety, confusion, fear, dysphoria, depression, hallucinations. Reproductive : Hypogonadism, infertility. Respiratory : Bronchitis, cough, dry nose, dry throat, dyspnea, nasal congestion, nasopharyngitis, respiratory depression, sinusitis, thickening of bronchial secretions, tightness of chest and wheezing, upper respiratory tract infection. Other : Drug abuse, drug dependence, opioid withdrawal syndrome. Hypoglycemia: Cases of hypoglycemia have been reported in patients taking opioids. Most reports were in patients with at least one predisposing risk factor (e.g., diabetes). Common adverse reactions of TUXARIN ER include: Sedation (somnolence, mental clouding, lethargy), impaired mental and physical performance, lightheadedness, dizziness, headache, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, constipation, shortness of breath, and sweating. ( 6 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact MainPointe Pharmaceuticals, LLC at 502-709-7544 or go to mainpointepharmaceuticals.com or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS TUXARIN ER is contraindicated for: All children younger than 12 years of age [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2 , 5.3 , 5.4) , Use in Specific Populations (8.4) ]. Postoperative management in children younger than 18 years of age following tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2 , 5.3) ]. TUXARIN ER is also contraindicated in patients with: Significant respiratory depression [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] Acute or severe bronchial asthma in an unmonitored setting or in the absence of resuscitative equipment [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ]. Known or suspected gastrointestinal obstruction, including paralytic ileus [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ]. Concurrent use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or use of MAOIs within 14 days [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.13) , Drug Interactions (7.7) ]. Hypersensitivity to codeine, chlorpheniramine, or any of the inactive ingredients in TUXARIN ER [ see Adverse Reactions (6) ]. Persons known to be hypersensitive to certain other opioids may exhibit cross-reactivity to codeine. Children younger than 12 years of age ( 4 ) Significant respiratory depression. ( 4 ) Acute or severe bronchial asthma in an unmonitored setting or in absence of resuscitative equipment. ( 4 ) Known or suspected gastrointestinal obstruction, including paralytic ileus. ( 4 ) Concurrent use of monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) therapy or within the last 14 days. ( 4 ) Hypersensitivity to codeine or other opiates, chlorpheniramine, or any of the inactive ingredients in TUXARIN ER. ( 4 )

11 DESCRIPTION TUXARIN ER (codeine phosphate and chlorpheniramine maleate) extended-release tablets, contains codeine, an opioid agonist; and chlorpheniramine, a histamine-1 (H 1 ) receptor antagonist. Each tablet of TUXARIN ER contains 54.3 mg of codeine phosphate and 8 mg of chlorpheniramine maleate for oral administration. TUXARIN ER are white to off-white, uncoated, standard round extended-release matrix tablets. TUXARIN ER also contains the following inactive ingredients: hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, cellulose microcrystalline, polysorbate 80, magnesium stearate, and colloidal silicon dioxide. Codeine Phosphate The chemical name for codeine phosphate is [morphine3methyl ether phosphate (1:1) (salt)] hemihydrate. It has the following structural formula: Chemical Structure Chlorpheniramine Maleate The chemical name for chlorpheniramine maleate is 2-pyridinepropanamine, γ-(4-chlorophenyl)- N,N -dimethyl-, ( Z )-2-butenedioate (1:1). It has the following structural formula: Chemical Structure

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Adults 18 years of age and older : 1 tablet every 12 hours as needed, not to exceed 2 tablets in 24 hours. ( 2.2 ) Do not increase the dose or dosing frequency. ( 2.1 ) Prescribe for the shortest duration consistent with treatment goals. ( 2.3 ) Reevaluate patients with unresponsive cough in 5 days or sooner for possible underlying pathology. ( 2.3 ) Reevaluate patient prior to refilling. ( 2.3 ) 2.1 Important Dosage and Administration Instructions Administer TUXARIN ER by the oral route only. Advise patients not to increase the dose or dosing frequency of TUXARIN ER because serious adverse events such as respiratory depression may occur with overdosage [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) , Overdosage (10) ]. The dosage of TUXARIN ER should not be increased if cough fails to respond; an unresponsive cough should be reevaluated for possible underlying pathology [ see Dosage and Administration (2.3) , Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ]. 2.2 Recommended Dosage Adults 18 years of age and older: one tablet every 12 hours as needed, not to exceed 2 tablets in 24 hours. 2.3 Monitoring, Maintenance, and Discontinuation of Therapy Prescribe TUXARIN ER for the shortest duration that is consistent with individual patient treatment goals [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Monitor patients closely for respiratory depression, especially within the first 24-72 hours of initiating therapy [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . Reevaluate patients with unresponsive cough in 5 days or sooner for possible underlying pathology, such as foreign body or lower respiratory tract disease [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ]. If a patient requires a refill, reevaluate the cause of the cough and assess the need for continued treatment with TUXARIN ER, the relative incidence of adverse reactions, and the development of addiction, abuse, or misuse [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. Do not abruptly discontinue TUXARIN ER in a physically-dependent patient [ see Drug Abuse and Dependence (9.3) ]. When a patient who has been taking TUXARIN ER regularly and may be physically dependent no longer requires therapy with TUXARIN ER, taper the dose gradually, by 25% to 50% every 2 to 4 days, while monitoring carefully for signs and symptoms of withdrawal. If the patient develops these signs or symptoms, raise the dose to the previous level and taper more slowly, either by increasing the interval between decreases, decreasing the amount of change in dose, or both.

9.2 Abuse Codeine TUXARIN ER contains codeine, a substance with a high potential for abuse similar to other opioids including morphine and codeine. TUXARIN ER can be abused and is subject to misuse, addiction, and criminal diversion [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . All patients treated with opioids require careful monitoring for signs of abuse and addiction, since use of opioid analgesic and antitussive products carries the risk of addiction even under appropriate medical use. Prescription drug abuse is the intentional non-therapeutic use of a prescription drug, even once, for its rewarding psychological or physiological effects. Drug addiction is a cluster of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological phenomena that develop after repeated substance use and includes: a strong desire to take the drug, difficulties in controlling its use, persisting in its use despite harmful consequences, a higher priority given to drug use than to other activities and obligations, increased tolerance, and sometimes a physical withdrawal. "Drug-seeking" behavior is very common in persons with substance use disorders. Drug-seeking tactics include emergency calls or visits near the end of office hours, refusal to undergo appropriate examination, testing, or referral, repeated "loss" of prescriptions, tampering with prescriptions, and reluctance to provide prior medical records or contact information for other treating health care provider(s). "Doctor shopping" (visiting multiple prescribers to obtain additional prescriptions) is common among drug abusers and people suffering from untreated addiction. Preoccupation with achieving adequate pain relief can be appropriate behavior in a patient with poor pain control. Abuse and addiction are separate and distinct from physical dependence and tolerance. Health care providers should be aware that addiction may not be accompanied by concurrent tolerance and symptoms of physical dependence in all addicts. In addition, abuse of opioids can occur in the absence of true addiction. TUXARIN ER, like other opioids, can be diverted for non-medical use into illicit channels of distribution. Careful record-keeping of prescribing information, including quantity, frequency, and renewal requests, as required by state and federal law, is strongly advised. Proper assessment of the patient, proper prescribing practices, periodic re-evaluation of therapy, and proper dispensing and storage are appropriate measures that help to limit abuse of opioid drugs. Risks Specific to Abuse of TUXARIN ER TUXARIN ER is for oral use only. Abuse of TUXARIN ER poses a risk of overdose and death. The risk is increased with concurrent use of TUXARIN ER with alcohol and other central nervous system depressants [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ]. Parenteral drug abuse is commonly associated with transmission of infectious diseases such as hepatitis and HIV.

9.1 Controlled Substance TUXARIN ER contains codeine, a Schedule III controlled substance.

9.3 Dependence Psychological dependence, physical dependence, and tolerance may develop upon repeated administration of opioids; therefore, TUXARIN ER should be prescribed and administered for the shortest duration that is consistent with individual patient treatment goals and patients should be reevaluated prior to refills [ see Dosage and Administration (2.3) , Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. Physical dependence, the condition in which continued administration of the drug is required to prevent the appearance of a withdrawal syndrome, assumes clinically significant proportions only after several weeks of continued oral opioid use, although some mild degree of physical dependence may develop after a few days of opioid therapy. If TUXARIN ER is abruptly discontinued in a physically-dependent patient, a withdrawal syndrome may occur. Withdrawal also may be precipitated through the administration of drugs with opioid antagonist activity (e.g., naloxone, nalmefene), mixed agonist/antagonist analgesics (e.g., pentazocine, butorphanol, nalbuphine), or partial agonists (e.g., buprenorphine). Some or all of the following can characterize this syndrome: restlessness, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, yawning, perspiration, chills, myalgia, and mydriasis. Other signs and symptoms also may develop, including irritability, anxiety, backache, joint pain, weakness, abdominal cramps, insomnia, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, or increased blood pressure, respiratory rate, or heart rate. Infants born to mothers physically dependent on opioids will also be physically dependent and may exhibit respiratory difficulties and withdrawal signs [ see Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ].

9 DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE 9.1 Controlled Substance TUXARIN ER contains codeine, a Schedule III controlled substance. 9.2 Abuse Codeine TUXARIN ER contains codeine, a substance with a high potential for abuse similar to other opioids including morphine and codeine. TUXARIN ER can be abused and is subject to misuse, addiction, and criminal diversion [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . All patients treated with opioids require careful monitoring for signs of abuse and addiction, since use of opioid analgesic and antitussive products carries the risk of addiction even under appropriate medical use. Prescription drug abuse is the intentional non-therapeutic use of a prescription drug, even once, for its rewarding psychological or physiological effects. Drug addiction is a cluster of behavioral, cognitive, and physiological phenomena that develop after repeated substance use and includes: a strong desire to take the drug, difficulties in controlling its use, persisting in its use despite harmful consequences, a higher priority given to drug use than to other activities and obligations, increased tolerance, and sometimes a physical withdrawal. "Drug-seeking" behavior is very common in persons with substance use disorders. Drug-seeking tactics include emergency calls or visits near the end of office hours, refusal to undergo appropriate examination, testing, or referral, repeated "loss" of prescriptions, tampering with prescriptions, and reluctance to provide prior medical records or contact information for other treating health care provider(s). "Doctor shopping" (visiting multiple prescribers to obtain additional prescriptions) is common among drug abusers and people suffering from untreated addiction. Preoccupation with achieving adequate pain relief can be appropriate behavior in a patient with poor pain control. Abuse and addiction are separate and distinct from physical dependence and tolerance. Health care providers should be aware that addiction may not be accompanied by concurrent tolerance and symptoms of physical dependence in all addicts. In addition, abuse of opioids can occur in the absence of true addiction. TUXARIN ER, like other opioids, can be diverted for non-medical use into illicit channels of distribution. Careful record-keeping of prescribing information, including quantity, frequency, and renewal requests, as required by state and federal law, is strongly advised. Proper assessment of the patient, proper prescribing practices, periodic re-evaluation of therapy, and proper dispensing and storage are appropriate measures that help to limit abuse of opioid drugs. Risks Specific to Abuse of TUXARIN ER TUXARIN ER is for oral use only. Abuse of TUXARIN ER poses a risk of overdose and death. The risk is increased with concurrent use of TUXARIN ER with alcohol and other central nervous system depressants [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ]. Parenteral drug abuse is commonly associated with transmission of infectious diseases such as hepatitis and HIV. 9.3 Dependence Psychological dependence, physical dependence, and tolerance may develop upon repeated administration of opioids; therefore, TUXARIN ER should be prescribed and administered for the shortest duration that is consistent with individual patient treatment goals and patients should be reevaluated prior to refills [ see Dosage and Administration (2.3) , Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. Physical dependence, the condition in which continued administration of the drug is required to prevent the appearance of a withdrawal syndrome, assumes clinically significant proportions only after several weeks of continued oral opioid use, although some mild degree of physical dependence may develop after a few days of opioid therapy. If TUXARIN ER is abruptly discontinued in a physically-dependent patient, a withdrawal syndrome may occur. Withdrawal also may be precipitated through the administration of drugs with opioid antagonist activity (e.g., naloxone, nalmefene), mixed agonist/antagonist analgesics (e.g., pentazocine, butorphanol, nalbuphine), or partial agonists (e.g., buprenorphine). Some or all of the following can characterize this syndrome: restlessness, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, yawning, perspiration, chills, myalgia, and mydriasis. Other signs and symptoms also may develop, including irritability, anxiety, backache, joint pain, weakness, abdominal cramps, insomnia, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, or increased blood pressure, respiratory rate, or heart rate. Infants born to mothers physically dependent on opioids will also be physically dependent and may exhibit respiratory difficulties and withdrawal signs [ see Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ].

10 OVERDOSAGE Clinical Presentation Codeine Acute overdose with codeine is characterized by respiratory depression (a decrease in respiratory rate and/or tidal volume, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, cyanosis), extreme somnolence progressing to stupor or coma, skeletal muscle flaccidity, cold and clammy skin, constricted pupils, and, in some cases, pulmonary edema, bradycardia, partial or complete airway obstruction, atypical snoring, hypotension, hypoglycemia, circulatory collapse, cardiac arrest, and death. Codeine may cause miosis, even in total darkness. Pinpoint pupils are a sign of opioid overdose but are not pathognomonic (e.g., pontine lesions of hemorrhagic or ischemic origin may produce similar findings). Marked mydriasis rather than miosis may be seen with hypoxia in overdose situations [ see Clinical Pharmacology (12.2) ]. Chlorpheniramine Signs and symptoms of chlorpheniramine overdosage may vary from central nervous system depression to stimulation. Central toxic effects are characterized by agitation, anxiety, delirium, disorientation, hallucinations, hyperactivity, sedation, and seizures. Severe overdosage may produce coma, medullary paralysis, and death. Peripheral toxicity includes hypertension, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, vasodilation, hyperpyrexia, mydriasis, urinary retention, and diminished gastrointestinal motility. Atropine-like signs and symptoms (dry mouth, fixed dilated pupils, flushing, tachycardia, hallucinations, gastrointestinal symptoms, convulsions, urinary retention, cardiac arrhythmias and coma) may be observed. Impaired secretion from sweat glands following toxic doses of drugs with anticholinergic side effects may predispose to hyperthermia. Toxic psychosis, a possible class effect from overdose of sedating antihistamines, has been reported. Treatment of Overdose Treatment of overdosage is driven by the overall clinical presentation, and consists of discontinuation of TUXARIN ER together with institution of appropriate therapy. Give primary attention to the reestablishment of adequate respiratory exchange through provision of a patent and protected airway and the institution of assisted or controlled ventilation. Employ other supportive measures (including oxygen and vasopressors) in the management of circulatory shock and pulmonary edema as indicated. Cardiac arrest or arrhythmias will require advanced life-support techniques. Gastric emptying may be useful in removing unabsorbed drug. The opioid antagonists, naloxone and nalmefene, are specific antidotes for respiratory depression resulting from opioid overdose. For clinically significant respiratory or circulatory depression secondary to codeine overdose, administer an opioid antagonist. An antagonist should not be administered in the absence of clinically significant respiratory depression. Because the duration of opioid reversal is expected to be less than the duration of action of codeine in TUXARIN ER, carefully monitor the patient until spontaneous respiration is reliably reestablished. TUXARIN ER will continue to release codeine and add to the codeine load for 4 hours or longer following ingestion, necessitating prolonged monitoring. If the response to an opioid antagonist is suboptimal or only brief in nature, administer additional antagonist as directed by the product's prescribing information. Hemodialysis is not routinely used to enhance the elimination of codeine or chlorpheniramine from the body. Urinary excretion of chlorpheniramine is increased when the pH of the urine is acidic; however, acid diuresis is NOT recommended to enhance elimination in overdose, as the risks of acidemia and acute tubular necrosis in patients with rhabdomyolysis far outweigh any potential benefits.

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS No specific drug interaction studies have been conducted with TUXARIN ER. Phenytoin : Avoid concomitant use; may increase phenytoin levels. ( 7.4 ) Serotonergic drugs : Concomitant use may result in serotonin syndrome. Discontinue if serotonin syndrome is suspected. ( 7.6 ) Muscle relaxants : Avoid concomitant use. ( 7.8 ) Diuretics: Codeine may reduce the efficacy of diuretics. Monitor for reduced effect. ( 7.9 ) Anticholinergic drugs : Concurrent use may cause paralytic ileus. ( 5.10 , 7.10 ) 7.1 Inhibitors of CYP3A4 The concomitant use of TUXARIN ER with CYP3A4 inhibitors, such as macrolide antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin), azole-antifungal agents (e.g. ketoconazole), or protease inhibitors (e.g., ritonavir), may result in an increase in codeine plasma concentrations with subsequently greater metabolism by cytochrome CYP2D6, resulting in greater morphine levels, which could increase or prolong adverse reactions and may cause potentially fatal respiratory depression, particularly when an inhibitor is added after a stable dose of TUXARIN ER is achieved [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ]. After stopping a CYP3A4 inhibitor, as the effects of the inhibitor decline, it may result in lower codeine levels, greater norcodeine levels, and less metabolism via CYP2D6 with resultant lower morphine levels [ see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ], resulting in decreased opioid efficacy or a withdrawal syndrome in patients who had developed physical dependence to codeine. Avoid the use of TUXARIN ER while taking a CYP3A4 inhibitor. If concomitant use is necessary, monitor patients for respiratory depression and sedation at frequent intervals. 7.2 CYP3A4 Inducers The concomitant use of TUXARIN ER and CYP3A4 inducers, such as rifampin, carbamazepine, or phenytoin, can result in lower codeine levels, greater norcodeine levels, and less metabolism via 2D6 with resultant lower morphine levels [ see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ], resulting in decreased efficacy or onset of a withdrawal syndrome in patients who have developed physical dependence [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) ]. After stopping a CYP3A4 inducer, as the effects of the inducer decline, codeine plasma concentrations may increase with subsequently greater metabolism by cytochrome CYP2D6, resulting in greater morphine levels [ see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ], which could increase or prolong both the therapeutic effects and adverse reactions, and may cause serious respiratory depression. Avoid the use of TUXARIN ER in patients who are taking CYP3A4 inducers. If concomitant use of a CYP3A4 inducer is necessary, follow the patient for reduced efficacy. 7.3 Phenytoin Adverse event reports in the literature suggest a possible drug interaction involving increased serum phenytoin levels and phenytoin toxicity when chlorpheniramine and phenytoin are co-administered. The exact mechanism for this interaction is not known, however it is believed that chlorpheniramine may inhibit the hepatic metabolism of phenytoin. Avoid the use of TUXARIN ER while taking phenytoin. 7.4 Inhibitors of CYP2D6 Codeine is metabolized by CYP2D6 to form morphine. The concomitant use of TUXARIN ER and CYP2D6 inhibitors, such as paroxetine, fluoxetine, bupropion, or quinidine, can increase the plasma concentration of codeine, but can decrease the plasma concentration of active metabolite morphine, which could result in reduced efficacy [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ]. After stopping a CYP2D6 inhibitor, as the effects of the inhibitor decline, the codeine plasma concentration will decrease but the active metabolite morphine plasma concentration will increase, which could increase or prolong adverse reactions and may cause potentially fatal respiratory depression [ see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ]. Avoid the use of TUXARIN ER in patients who are taking inhibitors of CYP2D6. 7.5 Benzodiazepines and Other CNS Depressants Due to additive pharmacologic effect, the concomitant use of benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants, including alcohol, other sedatives/hypnotics, anxiolytics, tranquilizers, muscle relaxants, general anesthetics, antipsychotics, and other opioids, can increase the risk of hypotension, respiratory depression, profound sedation, coma, and death. Avoid the use of TUXARIN ER in patients who are taking benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants. [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) ] . 7.6 Serotonergic Drugs The concomitant use of opioids with other drugs that affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter system has resulted in serotonin syndrome. If concomitant use is warranted, carefully observe the patient, particularly during treatment initiation. Discontinue TUXARIN ER if serotonin syndrome is suspected. 7.7 Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) TUXARIN ER is contraindicated in patients who are taking MAOIs (i.e., certain drugs used for depression, psychiatric or emotional conditions, or Parkinson's disease) or have taken MAOIs within 14 days [ see Contraindications (4) ]. MAOI interactions with opioids may manifest as serotonin syndrome or opioid toxicity (e.g., respiratory depression, coma) [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.13) ] . 7.8 Muscle Relaxants Codeine may enhance the neuromuscular blocking action of skeletal muscle relaxants and produce an increased degree of respiratory depression. Avoid the use of TUXARIN ER in patients taking muscle relaxants. If concomitant use is necessary, monitor patients for signs of respiratory depression that may be greater than otherwise expected. 7.9 Diuretics Opioids can reduce the efficacy of diuretics by inducing the release of antidiuretic hormone. Monitor patients for signs of diminished diuresis and/or effects on blood pressure and increase the dosage of the diuretic as needed. 7.10 Anticholinergic Drugs The concomitant use of anticholinergic drugs with TUXARIN ER may increase risk of urinary retention and/or severe constipation, which may lead to paralytic ileus [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) ]. Monitor patients for signs of urinary retention or reduced gastric motility when TUXARIN ER is used concomitantly with anticholinergic drugs. Additive adverse effects resulting from cholinergic blockade (e.g., xerostomia, blurred vision, or constipation) may occur when anticholinergic drugs are administered with chlorpheniramine .

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Codeine Codeine is an opioid agonist relatively selective for the mu-opioid receptor, but with a much weaker affinity than morphine. The analgesic and antitussive properties of codeine have been speculated to come from its conversion to morphine. The precise mechanism of action of codeine and other opiates is not known; however, codeine is believed to act centrally on the cough center. In excessive doses, codeine will depress respiration. Chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine is a propylamine derivative antihistamine (H 1 -receptor antagonist) of the alkylamine class that also possesses anticholinergic and sedative activity. It prevents released histamine from dilating capillaries and causing edema of the respiratory mucosa. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics Codeine Effects on the Central Nervous System Codeine produces respiratory depression by direct action on brain stem respiratory centers. The respiratory depression involves a reduction in the responsiveness of the brain stem respiratory centers to both increases in carbon dioxide tension and to electrical stimulation. Codeine causes miosis, even in total darkness. Pinpoint pupils are a sign of opioid overdose but are not pathognomonic (e.g., pontine lesions of hemorrhagic or ischemic origins may produce similar findings). Marked mydriasis rather than miosis may be seen due to hypoxia in overdose situations. Effects on the Gastrointestinal Tract and Other Smooth Muscle Codeine causes a reduction in motility associated with an increase in smooth muscle tone in the antrum of the stomach and duodenum. Digestion of food in the small intestine is delayed and propulsive contractions are decreased. Propulsive peristaltic waves in the colon are decreased, while tone may be increased to the point of spasm resulting in constipation. Other opioid-induced effects may include a reduction in biliary and pancreatic secretions, spasm of sphincter of Oddi, and transient elevations in serum amylase. Effects on the Cardiovascular System Codeine produces peripheral vasodilation which may result in orthostatic hypotension or syncope. Manifestations of histamine release and/or peripheral vasodilation may include pruritus, flushing, red eyes and sweating and/or orthostatic hypotension. Effects on the Endocrine System Opioids inhibit the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and luteinizing hormone (LH) in humans [ see Adverse Reactions (6) ]. They also stimulate prolactin, growth hormone (GH) secretion, and pancreatic secretion of insulin and glucagon. Chronic use of opioids may influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, leading to androgen deficiency that may manifest as low libido, impotence, erectile dysfunction, amenorrhea, or infertility. The causal role of opioids in the clinical syndrome of hypogonadism is unknown because the various medical, physical, lifestyle, and psychological stressors that may influence gonadal hormone levels have not been adequately controlled for in studies conducted to date [ see Adverse Reactions (6) ]. Effects on the Immune System Opioids have been shown to have a variety of effects on components of the immune system in in vitro and animal models. The clinical significance of these findings is unknown. Overall, the effects of opioids appear to be modestly immunosuppressive. Concentration–Adverse Reaction Relationships There is a relationship between increasing codeine plasma concentration and increasing frequency of dose-related opioid adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting, CNS effects, and respiratory depression. In opioid-tolerant patients, the situation may be altered by the development of tolerance to opioid-related adverse reactions. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters (Mean ± SD) for TUXARIN ER in fasting, healthy volunteers are shown in the table below. PK Parameter Single-dose Multiple-dose (BID for 6.5 days) Codeine Mean (± SD) Chlorpheniramine Maleate Mean (± SD) Codeine Mean (± SD) Chlorpheniramine Maleate Mean (± SD) Tmax (h) (Range) 3 (2-12) 6 (4-12) 3 (2-5) 5 (3-7) Cmax (ng/mL) 46 (11) 9 (3) AUCinf (ng.h/mL) for single-dose OR AUC12 (ng.h/mL) for multiple-dose 383 (99) 312 (137) Half life (h) 4 (1) 21 (7) Not determined Not determined Food Effect The presence of a high-fat, high-calorie meal did not significantly impact the PK parameters of TUXARIN ER. Distribution Codeine has been reported to have an apparent volume of distribution of approximately 3 to 6 L/kg, indicating extensive distribution of the drug into tissues. Codeine has low plasma protein binding with about 7 to 25% of codeine bound to plasma proteins. Codeine passes the blood brain barrier and the placental barrier. Small amounts of codeine and its metabolite, morphine, are transferred to human breast milk. Chlorpheniramine is widely distributed throughout the tissues of the body, including the central nervous system. It reportedly has an apparent steady-state volume of distribution of approximately 3.2 L/kg in adults and children and is about 70% bound to plasma proteins. Chlorpheniramine and its metabolites likely cross the placental barrier and are excreted into human breast milk. Elimination Metabolism Codeine is metabolized by conjugation with glucuronic acid to codeine-6-glucuronide (about 70 to 80%), by O-demethylation to morphine (about 5 to 10%), and by N-demethylation to norcodeine (about 10%). UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7 and 2B4 are the major enzymes mediating glucuronidation of codeine to C6G. Cytochrome P450 2D6 is the major enzyme responsible for conversion of codeine to morphine and P450 3A4 is the major enzyme mediating conversion of codeine to norcodeine. Morphine and norcodeine are further metabolized by conjugation with glucuronic acid. The glucuronide metabolites of morphine are morphine-3- glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G). Morphine and its M6 glucuronide conjugate are pharmacologically active. Whether C6G has pharmacological activity is unknown. Norcodeine and M3 glucuronide conjugate of morphine are generally not considered to be pharmacologically active. Chlorpheniramine is rapidly and extensively metabolized via demethylation in the liver, forming mono-and didesmethyl derivatives. Oxidative metabolism of chlorpheniramine is catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 2D6. Excretion Approximately 90% of the total dose of codeine is excreted through the kidneys, of which approximately 10% is unchanged codeine. The mean plasma half-life of codeine was about 4 hours with TUXARIN ER. Chlorpheniramine and its metabolites are primarily excreted through the kidneys, with large individual variation. Urinary excretion depends on urine pH and flow rate. The mean plasma half-life of chlorpheniramine was approximately 21 hours with TUXARIN ER.

12.1 Mechanism of Action Codeine Codeine is an opioid agonist relatively selective for the mu-opioid receptor, but with a much weaker affinity than morphine. The analgesic and antitussive properties of codeine have been speculated to come from its conversion to morphine. The precise mechanism of action of codeine and other opiates is not known; however, codeine is believed to act centrally on the cough center. In excessive doses, codeine will depress respiration. Chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine is a propylamine derivative antihistamine (H 1 -receptor antagonist) of the alkylamine class that also possesses anticholinergic and sedative activity. It prevents released histamine from dilating capillaries and causing edema of the respiratory mucosa.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics Codeine Effects on the Central Nervous System Codeine produces respiratory depression by direct action on brain stem respiratory centers. The respiratory depression involves a reduction in the responsiveness of the brain stem respiratory centers to both increases in carbon dioxide tension and to electrical stimulation. Codeine causes miosis, even in total darkness. Pinpoint pupils are a sign of opioid overdose but are not pathognomonic (e.g., pontine lesions of hemorrhagic or ischemic origins may produce similar findings). Marked mydriasis rather than miosis may be seen due to hypoxia in overdose situations. Effects on the Gastrointestinal Tract and Other Smooth Muscle Codeine causes a reduction in motility associated with an increase in smooth muscle tone in the antrum of the stomach and duodenum. Digestion of food in the small intestine is delayed and propulsive contractions are decreased. Propulsive peristaltic waves in the colon are decreased, while tone may be increased to the point of spasm resulting in constipation. Other opioid-induced effects may include a reduction in biliary and pancreatic secretions, spasm of sphincter of Oddi, and transient elevations in serum amylase. Effects on the Cardiovascular System Codeine produces peripheral vasodilation which may result in orthostatic hypotension or syncope. Manifestations of histamine release and/or peripheral vasodilation may include pruritus, flushing, red eyes and sweating and/or orthostatic hypotension. Effects on the Endocrine System Opioids inhibit the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and luteinizing hormone (LH) in humans [ see Adverse Reactions (6) ]. They also stimulate prolactin, growth hormone (GH) secretion, and pancreatic secretion of insulin and glucagon. Chronic use of opioids may influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, leading to androgen deficiency that may manifest as low libido, impotence, erectile dysfunction, amenorrhea, or infertility. The causal role of opioids in the clinical syndrome of hypogonadism is unknown because the various medical, physical, lifestyle, and psychological stressors that may influence gonadal hormone levels have not been adequately controlled for in studies conducted to date [ see Adverse Reactions (6) ]. Effects on the Immune System Opioids have been shown to have a variety of effects on components of the immune system in in vitro and animal models. The clinical significance of these findings is unknown. Overall, the effects of opioids appear to be modestly immunosuppressive. Concentration–Adverse Reaction Relationships There is a relationship between increasing codeine plasma concentration and increasing frequency of dose-related opioid adverse reactions such as nausea, vomiting, CNS effects, and respiratory depression. In opioid-tolerant patients, the situation may be altered by the development of tolerance to opioid-related adverse reactions.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters (Mean ± SD) for TUXARIN ER in fasting, healthy volunteers are shown in the table below. PK Parameter Single-dose Multiple-dose (BID for 6.5 days) Codeine Mean (± SD) Chlorpheniramine Maleate Mean (± SD) Codeine Mean (± SD) Chlorpheniramine Maleate Mean (± SD) Tmax (h) (Range) 3 (2-12) 6 (4-12) 3 (2-5) 5 (3-7) Cmax (ng/mL) 46 (11) 9 (3) AUCinf (ng.h/mL) for single-dose OR AUC12 (ng.h/mL) for multiple-dose 383 (99) 312 (137) Half life (h) 4 (1) 21 (7) Not determined Not determined Food Effect The presence of a high-fat, high-calorie meal did not significantly impact the PK parameters of TUXARIN ER. Distribution Codeine has been reported to have an apparent volume of distribution of approximately 3 to 6 L/kg, indicating extensive distribution of the drug into tissues. Codeine has low plasma protein binding with about 7 to 25% of codeine bound to plasma proteins. Codeine passes the blood brain barrier and the placental barrier. Small amounts of codeine and its metabolite, morphine, are transferred to human breast milk. Chlorpheniramine is widely distributed throughout the tissues of the body, including the central nervous system. It reportedly has an apparent steady-state volume of distribution of approximately 3.2 L/kg in adults and children and is about 70% bound to plasma proteins. Chlorpheniramine and its metabolites likely cross the placental barrier and are excreted into human breast milk. Elimination Metabolism Codeine is metabolized by conjugation with glucuronic acid to codeine-6-glucuronide (about 70 to 80%), by O-demethylation to morphine (about 5 to 10%), and by N-demethylation to norcodeine (about 10%). UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7 and 2B4 are the major enzymes mediating glucuronidation of codeine to C6G. Cytochrome P450 2D6 is the major enzyme responsible for conversion of codeine to morphine and P450 3A4 is the major enzyme mediating conversion of codeine to norcodeine. Morphine and norcodeine are further metabolized by conjugation with glucuronic acid. The glucuronide metabolites of morphine are morphine-3- glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G). Morphine and its M6 glucuronide conjugate are pharmacologically active. Whether C6G has pharmacological activity is unknown. Norcodeine and M3 glucuronide conjugate of morphine are generally not considered to be pharmacologically active. Chlorpheniramine is rapidly and extensively metabolized via demethylation in the liver, forming mono-and didesmethyl derivatives. Oxidative metabolism of chlorpheniramine is catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 2D6. Excretion Approximately 90% of the total dose of codeine is excreted through the kidneys, of which approximately 10% is unchanged codeine. The mean plasma half-life of codeine was about 4 hours with TUXARIN ER. Chlorpheniramine and its metabolites are primarily excreted through the kidneys, with large individual variation. Urinary excretion depends on urine pH and flow rate. The mean plasma half-life of chlorpheniramine was approximately 21 hours with TUXARIN ER.

20240110

6

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Extended-release tablets: Each tablet contains 54.3 mg of codeine phosphate (equivalent to 40 mg of codeine); and 8 mg of chlorpheniramine maleate (equivalent to 5.6 mg of chlorpheniramine). Each tablet is white to off-white, uncoated, round, debossed with MP on one side and CC on the other side [ see Description (11) ]. Extended-release (ER) tablet: contains 54.3 mg of codeine phosphate; and 8 mg of chlorpheniramine maleate. ( 3 )

Tuxarin codeine phosphate and chlorpheniramine maleate CODEINE PHOSPHATE CODEINE ANHYDROUS CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE CHLORPHENIRAMINE MP;CC

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and fertility studies have not been conducted with TUXARIN ER; however, published information is available for the active ingredients. Codeine Carcinogenicity studies were conducted with codeine. Two-year studies in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were conducted to assess the carcinogenic potential of codeine. No evidence of tumorigenicity was observed in male and female rats at codeine dietary doses up to 70 and 80 mg/kg/day (approximately equivalent to 9 and 10 times, the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis, respectively). No evidence of tumorigenicity was observed in male and female mice at codeine dietary doses up to 400 mg/kg/day (approximately equivalent to 25 times the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis). Codeine was not mutagenic in the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay or clastogenic in the in vitro Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell chromosomal aberration assay. Fertility studies with codeine have not been conducted. Chlorpheniramine Carcinogenicity studies were conducted with chlorpheniramine maleate. Two-year studies in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were conducted to assess the carcinogenic potential of chlorpheniramine. No evidence of tumorigenicity was observed in male and female rats at chlorpheniramine oral doses up to 30 and 60 mg/kg/day for 5 days/week (approximately equivalent to 25 and 50 times the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis, respectively). No evidence of tumorigenicity was observed in male and female mice at chlorpheniramine oral doses up to 50 and 200 mg/kg/day for 5 days/week (approximately equivalent to 20 and 85 times the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis, respectively). Chlorpheniramine maleate was not mutagenic in the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay or the in vitro mouse lymphoma forward mutation assay. Chlorpheniramine maleate was clastogenic in the in vitro Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell chromosomal aberration assay. Chlorpheniramine maleate had no effects on fertility in rats and rabbits at oral doses approximately 35 and 45 times the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis, respectively.

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and fertility studies have not been conducted with TUXARIN ER; however, published information is available for the active ingredients. Codeine Carcinogenicity studies were conducted with codeine. Two-year studies in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were conducted to assess the carcinogenic potential of codeine. No evidence of tumorigenicity was observed in male and female rats at codeine dietary doses up to 70 and 80 mg/kg/day (approximately equivalent to 9 and 10 times, the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis, respectively). No evidence of tumorigenicity was observed in male and female mice at codeine dietary doses up to 400 mg/kg/day (approximately equivalent to 25 times the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis). Codeine was not mutagenic in the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay or clastogenic in the in vitro Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell chromosomal aberration assay. Fertility studies with codeine have not been conducted. Chlorpheniramine Carcinogenicity studies were conducted with chlorpheniramine maleate. Two-year studies in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were conducted to assess the carcinogenic potential of chlorpheniramine. No evidence of tumorigenicity was observed in male and female rats at chlorpheniramine oral doses up to 30 and 60 mg/kg/day for 5 days/week (approximately equivalent to 25 and 50 times the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis, respectively). No evidence of tumorigenicity was observed in male and female mice at chlorpheniramine oral doses up to 50 and 200 mg/kg/day for 5 days/week (approximately equivalent to 20 and 85 times the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis, respectively). Chlorpheniramine maleate was not mutagenic in the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay or the in vitro mouse lymphoma forward mutation assay. Chlorpheniramine maleate was clastogenic in the in vitro Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell chromosomal aberration assay. Chlorpheniramine maleate had no effects on fertility in rats and rabbits at oral doses approximately 35 and 45 times the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis, respectively.

NDA206323

Tuxarin

codeine phosphate and chlorpheniramine maleate

71269-040

HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG

ORAL

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 100 Tablet Bottle Label NDC 71269-040-10 CIII Tuxarin ER™ (codeine phosphate and chlorpheniramine maleate extended-release tablets) 54.3 mg/ 8 mg Each Tablet Contains: Codeine Phosphate, USP 54.3 mg (Equivalent to 40 mg of Codeine) Chlorpheniramine Maleate, USP 8 mg (Equivalent to 5.6 mg of Chlorpheniramine) PHARMACIST: PLEASE DISPENSE WITH MEDICATION GUIDE R x only 100 Tablets PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 100 Tablet Bottle Label

Distributed By: MainPointe Pharmaceuticals, LLC Louisville, KY, 40206 7184-0000-99-OS Rev 12/2023

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide). Addiction, Abuse, and Misuse Inform patients that the use of TUXARIN ER, even when taken as recommended, can result in addiction, abuse, and misuse, which can lead to overdose and death [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] . Instruct patients not to share TUXARIN ER with others and to take steps to protect TUXARIN ER from theft or misuse. Important Dosing and Administration Instructions Advise patients take TUXARIN ER exactly as prescribed. Advise patients not to increase the dose or dosing frequency of TUXARIN ER because serious adverse events such as respiratory depression may occur with overdosage [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) , Overdosage (10) ]. Life-Threatening Respiratory Depression Inform patients of the risk of life-threatening respiratory depression, including information that the risk is greatest when starting TUXARIN ER and that it can occur even at recommended dosages [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ]. Advise patients how to recognize respiratory depression and to seek medical attention if breathing difficulties develop. Accidental Ingestion Inform patients that accidental ingestion, especially by children, may result in respiratory depression or death [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ]. Instruct patients to take steps to store TUXARIN ER securely and to properly dispose of unused TUXARIN ER in accordance with the local state guidelines and/or regulations. Ultra-Rapid Metabolism of Codeine and Other Risk Factors for Life-Threatening Respiratory Depression in Children Advise caregivers that TUXARIN ER is not indicated for pediatric patients under 18 years of age and is contraindicated in all children younger than 12 years of age and in children younger than 18 years of age following tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. Activities Requiring Mental Alertness Advise patients to avoid engaging in hazardous tasks that require mental alertness and motor coordination such as operating machinery or driving a motor vehicle as TUXARIN ER may produce marked drowsiness [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.7) ]. Interactions with Benzodiazepines and Other Central Nervous System Depressants, Including Alcohol Inform patients and caregivers that potentially fatal additive effects may occur if TUXARIN ER is used with benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants, including alcohol. Advise patients to avoid concomitant use of TUXARIN ER with benzodiazepines or other CNS depressants and to not use alcohol while taking TUXARIN ER [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.9) , Drug Interactions (7.5) ]. Constipation Advise patients of the potential for severe constipation [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.10) , Adverse Reactions (6) ]. Anaphylaxis Inform patients that anaphylaxis has been reported with ingredients contained in TUXARIN ER. Advise patients how to recognize such a reaction and when to seek medical attention [ see Contraindications (4) , Adverse Reactions (6) ]. MAOI Interaction Inform patients not to take TUXARIN ER while using or within 14 days of stopping any drugs that inhibit monoamine oxidase. Patients should not start MAOIs while taking TUXARIN ER [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.13) , Drug Interactions (7.7) ]. Hypotension Inform patients that TUXARIN ER may cause orthostatic hypotension and syncope. Instruct patients how to recognize symptoms of low blood pressure and how to reduce the risk of serious consequences should hypotension occur (e.g., sit or lie down, carefully rise from a sitting or lying position) [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.14) ]. Pregnancy Advise patients that use of TUXARIN ER is not recommended during pregnancy [ see Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ]. Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome Inform female patients of reproductive potential that use of TUXARIN ER during pregnancy can result in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, which may be life-threatening if not recognized and treated [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.15) , Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ] . Embryo-Fetal Toxicity Inform female patients of reproductive potential that TUXARIN ER can cause fetal harm and to inform their healthcare provider of a known or suspected pregnancy [ see Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ] . Lactation Advise women that breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with TUXARIN ER [ see Use in Specific Populations (8.2) ]. Infertility Inform patients that chronic use of opioids, such as codeine, a component of TUXARIN ER, may cause reduced fertility. It is not known whether these effects on fertility are reversible [ see Use in Specific Populations (8.3) ] . Adrenal Insufficiency Inform patients that TUXARIN ER could cause adrenal insufficiency, a potentially life-threatening condition. Adrenal insufficiency may present with non-specific symptoms and signs such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, and low blood pressure. Advise patients to seek medical attention if they experience a constellation of these symptoms [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.16) ]. Serotonin Syndrome Inform patients that TUXARIN ER could cause a rare but potentially life-threatening condition resulting from concomitant administration of serotonergic drugs. Warn patients of the symptoms of serotonin syndrome and to seek medical attention right away if symptoms develop. Instruct patients to inform their physicians if they are taking, or plan to take serotonergic medications. [ see Adverse Reactions (6) , Drug Interactions (7.6) ]. Disposal of Unused TUXARIN ER Advise patients to properly dispose of unused TUXARIN ER. Advise patients to throw the drug in the household trash following these steps. 1) Remove them from their original containers and mix them with an undesirable substance, such as used coffee grounds or kitty litter (this makes the drug less appealing to children and pets, and unrecognizable to people who may intentionally go through the trash seeking drugs). 2) Place the mixture in a sealable bag, empty can, or other container to prevent the drug from leaking or breaking out of a garbage bag, or to dispose of in accordance with local state guidelines and/or regulations.

Medication Guide TUXARIN ® ER (Tuks-a-ren) (codeine phosphate and chlorpheniramine maleate) extended-release tablets, C-III This Medication Guide has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Revised: June 2018 What is the most important information I should know about TUXARIN ER? TUXARIN ER is not for children under 18 years of age. TUXARIN ER can cause serious side effects, including: Addiction, abuse and misuse. Taking TUXARIN ER or other medications that contain an opioid can cause addiction, abuse, and misuse, which can lead to overdose and death. This can happen even if you take TUXARIN ER exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Your risk of addiction, abuse, and misuse is increased if you or a family member has a history of drug or alcohol abuse or addiction, or mental health problems. Do not share your TUXARIN ER with other people. Keep TUXARIN ER in a safe place away from children. Life-threatening breathing problems (respiratory depression). TUXARIN ER can cause breathing problems (respiratory depression) that can happen at any time during treatment and can lead to death. Your risk of breathing problems is greatest when you first start taking TUXARIN ER, are taking other medicines that can cause breathing problems, have certain lung problems, are elderly or have certain other health problems. Children are at higher risk for respiratory depression. Breathing problems can happen even if you take TUXARIN ER exactly as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Call your healthcare provider or get emergency medical help right away if anyone taking TUXARIN ER has any of the symptoms below: increased sleepiness confusion difficulty breathing shallow breathing limpness Keep TUXARIN ER in a safe place away from children. Accidental use of even 1 dose of TUXARIN ER, especially by a child, is a medical emergency and can cause breathing problems (respiratory depression) which can lead to death. If a child accidentally takes TUXARIN ER, get emergency help right away. Overdose and death due to medicine dosing errors. Overdose and death can happen if you take the wrong dose of TUXARIN ER. Do not increase the dose or dosing frequency of TUXARIN ER. See " How should I take TUXARIN ER? " Breathing problems (respiratory depression) that can lead to death and opioid withdrawal can happen if you start taking or stop taking other medicines while taking TUXARIN ER, including: certain antibiotics certain medicines to treat a fungal infection certain medicines to treat Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 infection, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), or Hepatitis C rifampin carbamazepine phenytoin Severe drowsiness, breathing problems (respiratory depression), coma, and death can happen in adults and children who take TUXARIN ER with benzodiazepines, or other central nervous system depressants, including alcohol. Do not take any benzodiazepines or medicines that can cause drowsiness or sleepiness during treatment with TUXARIN ER. Ask your healthcare provider for a list of these medicines if you are not sure. Do not drink alcohol during treatment with TUXARIN ER. Opioid withdrawal in a newborn. Use of TUXARIN ER during pregnancy can cause withdrawal symptoms in your newborn baby that could be life-threatening if not recognized and treated. You should not take TUXARIN ER if you are pregnant. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you are pregnant or think you may be pregnant. What is TUXARIN ER? TUXARIN ER is a prescription medicine used to treat cough and upper respiratory symptoms that you can have with allergies or a common cold. TUXARIN ER contains 2 medicines, codeine and chlorpheniramine. Codeine is an opioid (narcotic) cough suppressant. Chlorpheniramine is an antihistamine. TUXARIN ER is a federal controlled substance (C-III) because it contains codeine that can be abused or lead to dependence. Keep TUXARIN ER in a safe place to prevent misuse and abuse. Selling or giving away TUXARIN ER may harm others and is against the law. Tell your healthcare provider if you have abused or been dependent on alcohol, prescription medicines or street drugs. Who should not take TUXARIN ER? TUXARIN ER is not for children under 18 years of age. See " What is the most important information I should know about TUXARIN ER? " Do not take TUXARIN ER if you: have severe breathing problems (respiratory depression). See " What is the most important information I should know about TUXARIN ER? " have a blockage (obstruction) in your bowel such as a paralytic ileus. take a medicine for depression called a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI ). Do not take an MAOI within 14 days after you stop taking TUXARIN ER. Do not start taking TUXARIN ER if you stopped taking an MAOI in the last 14 days. are allergic to codeine, chlorpheniramine, or any of the ingredients in TUXARIN ER. See the end of this Medication Guide for a complete list of ingredients in TUXARIN ER. You may have an increased risk of having an allergic reaction to TUXARIN ER if you are allergic to certain other opioid medicines. Ask your healthcare provider if you have any questions about this information. Before taking TUXARIN ER, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you: have a drug addiction have lung or breathing problems have a fever and are coughing up mucus have had a recent head injury have had a brain tumor or other brain problems have or have had seizures have pain in your stomach-area (abdomen) have constipation or other bowel problems have bile duct or pancreas problems have prostate problems have problems with your urinary tract or difficulty urinating have kidney or liver problems have adrenal gland problems have low blood pressure (hypotension) plan to have surgery are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. TUXARIN ER can harm your unborn baby. See " What is the most important information I should know about TUXARIN ER? " are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Codeine and chlorpheniramine pass into your breast milk and can cause serious side effects in your baby including increased sleepiness, breathing problems (respiratory depression) and death. You and your healthcare provider should decide if you will take TUXARIN ER or breastfeed. You should not do both. See " What should I avoid while taking TUXARIN ER? " plan to have children. TUXARIN ER may affect the ability to have a child in females and males (fertility problems). It is not known if these fertility problems will be reversible, even after you stop taking TUXARIN ER. Tell your healthcare provider about all of the medicines you take , including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Taking TUXARIN ER with certain other medicines can cause side effects or affect how well TUXARIN ER or the other medicines work. Do not start or stop taking other medicines without talking to your healthcare provider. Especially tell your healthcare provider if you: See " What is the most important information I should know about TUXARIN ER? " take pain medicines such as opioids (narcotics). take cold or allergy medicines that contain antihistamines or cough suppressants. drink alcohol. take muscle relaxants. take certain medicines used to treat mood, anxiety, psychotic or thought disorders, or depression, including monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), or antipsychotics. take medicines to lower your blood pressure. water pills (diuretics). take medicines called "anticholinergics" used to treat health problems such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or stomach problems. take a medicine called "phenytoin" used to treat seizures or epilepsy. Ask your healthcare provider if you are not sure if you take one of these medicines. How should I take TUXARIN ER? See " What is the most important information I should know about TUXARIN ER? " Take TUXARIN ER exactly as your healthcare provider tells you to take it. Do not change your dose without talking to your healthcare provider. Take TUXARIN ER by mouth only. TUXARIN ER is usually taken every 12 hours. Do not take more than 2 TUXARIN ER tablets in 24 hours. If you take too much TUXARIN ER, call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away. Tell your healthcare provider if your cough does not get better within 5 days of treatment with TUXARIN ER. What should I avoid doing while taking TUXARIN ER? Avoid driving a car or operating machinery during treatment with TUXARIN ER. TUXARIN ER can cause you to be drowsy, slow your thinking and motor skills, and affect your vision. Do not drink alcohol during treatment with TUXARIN ER. Drinking alcohol with TUXARIN ER can increase your chances of having serious side effects. Avoid the use of TUXARIN ER if you: are pregnant. Use of TUXARIN ER during pregnancy can cause withdrawal symptoms in your newborn baby that could be life-threatening if not recognized and treated. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you are pregnant or think you may be pregnant. are breastfeeding. Use of TUXARIN ER while breastfeeding can cause severe breathing problems (respiratory depression) in your breastfed infant that could be life-threatening. What are the possible side effects of TUXARIN ER? TUXARIN ER can cause serious side effects, including: See " What is the most important information I should know about TUXARIN ER? " Bowel problems including severe constipation or stomach pain. See, " Who should not take TUXARIN ER? " Increased pressure in your head (intracranial). Avoid the use of TUXARIN ER if you have a head injury or have been told that you have changes in the tissue of your brain (brain lesions) or increased pressure in your head. Increased risk of seizures in people with seizure disorders. If you have a seizure disorder, TUXARIN ER may increase how often you have seizures. Low blood pressure. A sudden drop in blood pressure can happen in some people during treatment with TUXARIN ER and this may cause you to feel dizzy, faint, lightheaded, or weak, especially when you stand up (orthostatic hypotension). Your risk of having this problem may be increased if you take TUXARIN ER with certain other medicines that lower blood pressure. If you have any of these symptoms while taking TUXARIN ER, sit or lie down. Do not change your body position too fast. Get up slowly from sitting or lying down. Adrenal gland problems. TUXARIN ER can cause serious and life-threatening adrenal gland problems. Your healthcare provider may do blood tests to check for adrenal gland problems. Call your healthcare provider right away if you have any of these symptoms: nausea vomiting not wanting to eat (anorexia) fatigue weakness dizziness low blood pressure The most common side effects of TUXARIN ER include: sleepiness confusion coordination problems decrease in mental and physical performance lack of energy lightheadedness dizziness headache dry mouth sweating nausea vomiting constipation These are not all the possible side effects of TUXARIN ER. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. How should I store TUXARIN ER? Store TUXARIN ER at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C). Keep TUXARIN ER in a tightly closed container, in a dry, cool place away from heat or direct sunlight. Keep TUXARIN ER and all medicines out of the reach of children. How should I dispose of TUXARIN ER? Remove unused TUXARIN ER from the container and mix it with an undesirable, non-toxic substance such as cat litter or used coffee grounds to make it less appealing to children and pets. Place the mixture in a container such as a sealed plastic bag and throw it away in the household trash. You can also follow your state or local guidelines on how to safely throw away TUXARIN ER. General information about the safe and effective use of TUXARIN ER. Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. Do not use TUXARIN ER for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give TUXARIN ER to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. You can ask your pharmacist or healthcare provider for information about TUXARIN ER that is written for health professionals. What are the ingredients in TUXARIN ER? Active ingredients : codeine phosphate and chlorpheniramine maleate Inactive ingredients: Hypromellose, lactose monohydrate, cellulose microcrystalline, polysorbate 80, magnesium stearate, and colloidal silicon dioxide. Distributed By: MainPointe Pharmaceuticals, LLC Louisville, KY, 40206 For more information go to mainpointepharmaceuticals.com or call 502-709-7544

8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies have not been conducted with TUXARIN ER in geriatric populations. Use caution when considering the use of TUXARIN ER in patients 65 years of age or older. Elderly patients may have increased sensitivity to codeine; greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function; or concomitant disease or other drug therapy [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ]. Respiratory depression is the chief risk for elderly patients treated with opioids, including TUXARIN ER. Respiratory depression has occurred after large initial doses of opioids were administered to patients who were not opioid-tolerant or when opioids were co-administered with other agents that depress respiration [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.5 , 5.9) ]. Codeine is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of adverse reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, monitor these patients closely for respiratory depression, sedation, and hypotension.

8.4 Pediatric Use TUXARIN ER is not indicated for use in patients younger than 18 years of age because the benefits of symptomatic treatment of cough associated with allergies or the common cold do not outweigh the risks for use of codeine in these patients [ see Indications (1) , Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ]. Life-threatening respiratory depression and death have occurred in children who received codeine [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ]. In most of the reported cases, these events followed tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy, and many of the children had evidence of being ultra-rapid metabolizers of codeine (i.e., multiple copies of the gene for cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 2D6 or high morphine concentrations). Children with sleep apnea may be particularly sensitive to the respiratory depressant effects of codeine. Because of the risk of life-threatening respiratory depression and death: TUXARIN ER is contraindicated in all children younger than 12 years of age [see Contraindications (4) ] . TUXARIN ER is contraindicated for post-operative management in pediatric patients younger than 18 years of age following tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy [see Contraindications (4) ] . Avoid the use of TUXARIN ER in adolescents 12 to 18 years of age who have other risk factors that may increase their sensitivity to the respiratory depressant effects of codeine unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Risk factors include conditions associated with hypoventilation, such as postoperative status, obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, severe pulmonary disease, neuromuscular disease, and concomitant use of other medications that cause respiratory depression. [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] .

8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary TUXARIN ER is not recommended for use in pregnant women, including during or immediately prior to labor. Prolonged use of opioids during pregnancy may cause neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.15) and Clinical Considerations ]. There are no available data with TUXARIN ER use in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk for adverse developmental outcomes. Published studies with codeine have reported inconsistent findings and have important methodological limitations ( see Data ). There are reports of respiratory depression when codeine is used during labor and delivery (see Clinical Considerations ) . Reproductive toxicity studies have not been conducted with TUXARIN ER; however, studies are available with individual active ingredients ( see Data ). In animal reproduction studies, codeine administered by the oral route to pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis increased resorptions and decreased fetal weights at a dose approximately 15 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) in the presence of maternal toxicity ( see Data ). Chlorpheniramine administered by the oral route to mice throughout pregnancy was embryolethal at a dose approximately 9 times the MRHD and decreased postnatal survival when dosing was continued after parturition. Chlorpheniramine administered by the oral route to male and female rats prior to mating produced embryolethality at a dose approximately 9 times the MRHD ( see Data ). Based on the animal data, advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions Prolonged use of opioid analgesics during pregnancy for medical or nonmedical purposes can result in physical dependence in the neonate and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome shortly after birth. Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome presents as irritability, hyperactivity and abnormal sleep pattern, high pitched cry, tremor, vomiting, diarrhea and failure to gain weight. The onset, duration, and severity of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome vary based on the specific opioid used, duration of use, timing and amount of last maternal use, and rate of elimination of the drug by the newborn. Observe newborns for symptoms of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome and manage accordingly [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.15) ]. Labor or Delivery Opioids cross the placenta and may produce respiratory depression and psycho-physiologic effects in neonates. An opioid antagonist, such as naloxone, must be available for reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression in the neonate. Opioids, including TUXARIN ER, can prolong labor through actions which temporarily reduce the strength, duration, and frequency of uterine contractions. However, this effect is not consistent and may be offset by an increased rate of cervical dilation, which tends to shorten labor. Monitor neonates exposed to opioids during labor for signs of excess sedation and respiratory depression. Data Human Data No new primary pharmacodynamic studies were conducted. Codeine is a well-established antitussive and chlorpheniramine maleate is a recognized antihistamine. Both drugs have been used at these strengths in combination for several years. Codeine Published data from case-control and observational studies on codeine use during pregnancy are inconsistent in their findings. Some studies of codeine exposure showed an increased risk of overall congenital malformations while others did not. An increased risk of specific malformations with codeine exposure such as respiratory malformations, spina bifida and congenital heart defects were reported in some studies. Most of the studies, both positive and negative, were limited by small sample size, recall bias and lack of information regarding dose and timing of exposure. Chlorpheniramine The majority of studies examining the use of chlorpheniramine in pregnancy did not find an association with an increased risk of congenital anomalies. In the few studies reporting an association, there was no consistent pattern of malformations noted. Animal Data Reproductive toxicity studies have not been conducted with TUXARIN ER; however, studies are available with individual active ingredients. Codeine In an embryofetal development study in pregnant rats dosed throughout the period of organogenesis, codeine increased resorptions and decreased fetal weights at a dose approximately 15 times the MRHD (on a mg/m 2 basis with a maternal oral dose of 120 mg/kg/day); however, these effects occurred in the presence of maternal toxicity. In embryofetal development studies with pregnant rabbits and mice dosed throughout the period of organogenesis, codeine produced no adverse developmental effects at doses approximately 7 and 35 times, respectively, the MRHD (on a mg/m 2 basis with maternal oral doses of 30 mg/kg/day in rabbits and 600 mg/kg/day in mice). Chlorpheniramine In embryofetal development studies with pregnant rats and rabbits dosed throughout the period of organogenesis, chlorpheniramine produced no adverse developmental effects at oral doses up to approximately 35 and 45 times, respectively, the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis. However, in a reproduction study with pregnant mice dosed throughout pregnancy, chlorpheniramine produced embryolethality at a dose approximately 9 times the MRHD (on a mg/m 2 basis with a maternal oral dose of 20 mg/kg/day) and decreased postnatal survival when dosing was continued after parturition. In a fertility and reproduction study with male and female rats dosed prior to mating, chlorpheniramine produced embryolethality at a dose approximately 9 times the MRHD (on a mg/m 2 basis with an oral parental dose of 10 mg/kg/day).

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Pregnancy : Avoid use in pregnant women. May cause fetal harm. ( 8.1 ) Lactation : Breastfeeding not recommended. ( 8.2 ) Renal Impairment : Use with caution in patients with severe renal impairment. ( 8.6 ) Hepatic Impairment : Use with caution in patients with severe hepatic impairment. ( 8.7 ) 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary TUXARIN ER is not recommended for use in pregnant women, including during or immediately prior to labor. Prolonged use of opioids during pregnancy may cause neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome [see Warnings and Precautions (5.15) and Clinical Considerations ]. There are no available data with TUXARIN ER use in pregnant women to inform a drug-associated risk for adverse developmental outcomes. Published studies with codeine have reported inconsistent findings and have important methodological limitations ( see Data ). There are reports of respiratory depression when codeine is used during labor and delivery (see Clinical Considerations ) . Reproductive toxicity studies have not been conducted with TUXARIN ER; however, studies are available with individual active ingredients ( see Data ). In animal reproduction studies, codeine administered by the oral route to pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis increased resorptions and decreased fetal weights at a dose approximately 15 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) in the presence of maternal toxicity ( see Data ). Chlorpheniramine administered by the oral route to mice throughout pregnancy was embryolethal at a dose approximately 9 times the MRHD and decreased postnatal survival when dosing was continued after parturition. Chlorpheniramine administered by the oral route to male and female rats prior to mating produced embryolethality at a dose approximately 9 times the MRHD ( see Data ). Based on the animal data, advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions Prolonged use of opioid analgesics during pregnancy for medical or nonmedical purposes can result in physical dependence in the neonate and neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome shortly after birth. Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome presents as irritability, hyperactivity and abnormal sleep pattern, high pitched cry, tremor, vomiting, diarrhea and failure to gain weight. The onset, duration, and severity of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome vary based on the specific opioid used, duration of use, timing and amount of last maternal use, and rate of elimination of the drug by the newborn. Observe newborns for symptoms of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome and manage accordingly [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.15) ]. Labor or Delivery Opioids cross the placenta and may produce respiratory depression and psycho-physiologic effects in neonates. An opioid antagonist, such as naloxone, must be available for reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression in the neonate. Opioids, including TUXARIN ER, can prolong labor through actions which temporarily reduce the strength, duration, and frequency of uterine contractions. However, this effect is not consistent and may be offset by an increased rate of cervical dilation, which tends to shorten labor. Monitor neonates exposed to opioids during labor for signs of excess sedation and respiratory depression. Data Human Data No new primary pharmacodynamic studies were conducted. Codeine is a well-established antitussive and chlorpheniramine maleate is a recognized antihistamine. Both drugs have been used at these strengths in combination for several years. Codeine Published data from case-control and observational studies on codeine use during pregnancy are inconsistent in their findings. Some studies of codeine exposure showed an increased risk of overall congenital malformations while others did not. An increased risk of specific malformations with codeine exposure such as respiratory malformations, spina bifida and congenital heart defects were reported in some studies. Most of the studies, both positive and negative, were limited by small sample size, recall bias and lack of information regarding dose and timing of exposure. Chlorpheniramine The majority of studies examining the use of chlorpheniramine in pregnancy did not find an association with an increased risk of congenital anomalies. In the few studies reporting an association, there was no consistent pattern of malformations noted. Animal Data Reproductive toxicity studies have not been conducted with TUXARIN ER; however, studies are available with individual active ingredients. Codeine In an embryofetal development study in pregnant rats dosed throughout the period of organogenesis, codeine increased resorptions and decreased fetal weights at a dose approximately 15 times the MRHD (on a mg/m 2 basis with a maternal oral dose of 120 mg/kg/day); however, these effects occurred in the presence of maternal toxicity. In embryofetal development studies with pregnant rabbits and mice dosed throughout the period of organogenesis, codeine produced no adverse developmental effects at doses approximately 7 and 35 times, respectively, the MRHD (on a mg/m 2 basis with maternal oral doses of 30 mg/kg/day in rabbits and 600 mg/kg/day in mice). Chlorpheniramine In embryofetal development studies with pregnant rats and rabbits dosed throughout the period of organogenesis, chlorpheniramine produced no adverse developmental effects at oral doses up to approximately 35 and 45 times, respectively, the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis. However, in a reproduction study with pregnant mice dosed throughout pregnancy, chlorpheniramine produced embryolethality at a dose approximately 9 times the MRHD (on a mg/m 2 basis with a maternal oral dose of 20 mg/kg/day) and decreased postnatal survival when dosing was continued after parturition. In a fertility and reproduction study with male and female rats dosed prior to mating, chlorpheniramine produced embryolethality at a dose approximately 9 times the MRHD (on a mg/m 2 basis with an oral parental dose of 10 mg/kg/day). 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions, including excess sedation, respiratory depression, and death in a breastfed infant, advise patients that breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with TUXARIN ER [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ]. There are no data on the presence of TUXARIN ER in human milk, the effects of TUXARIN ER on the breastfed infant, or the effects of TUXARIN ER on milk production; however, data are available with codeine and chlorpheniramine. Codeine Codeine and its active metabolite, morphine, are present in human milk. There are published studies and cases that have reported excessive sedation, respiratory depression and death (in one infant) in infants exposed to codeine via breast milk. Women who are ultra-rapid metabolizers of codeine achieve higher than expected serum levels of morphine, potentially leading to higher levels of morphine in breast milk that can be dangerous in their breastfed infants. In women with normal codeine metabolism (normal CYP2D6 activity), the amount of codeine secreted into human milk is low and dose-dependent. There is no information on the effects of the codeine on milk production. Chlorpheniramine Chlorpheniramine is present in human milk. Chlorpheniramine has not been reported to cause effects on the breastfed infant. The published literature suggests that chlorpheniramine may decrease milk production based on its anticholinergic effects. ( see Clinical Considerations ) Clinical Considerations Infants exposed to TUXARIN ER through breast milk should be monitored for excess sedation and respiratory depression. Withdrawal symptoms can occur in breastfed infants when maternal administration of an opioid is stopped, or when breastfeeding is stopped. 8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential Infertility Chronic use of opioids, such as codeine, a component of TUXARIN ER, may cause reduced fertility in females and males of reproductive potential. It is not known whether these effects on fertility are reversible [ see Adverse Reactions (6) , Clinical Pharmacology (12.2) ] . 8.4 Pediatric Use TUXARIN ER is not indicated for use in patients younger than 18 years of age because the benefits of symptomatic treatment of cough associated with allergies or the common cold do not outweigh the risks for use of codeine in these patients [ see Indications (1) , Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ]. Life-threatening respiratory depression and death have occurred in children who received codeine [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ]. In most of the reported cases, these events followed tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy, and many of the children had evidence of being ultra-rapid metabolizers of codeine (i.e., multiple copies of the gene for cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 2D6 or high morphine concentrations). Children with sleep apnea may be particularly sensitive to the respiratory depressant effects of codeine. Because of the risk of life-threatening respiratory depression and death: TUXARIN ER is contraindicated in all children younger than 12 years of age [see Contraindications (4) ] . TUXARIN ER is contraindicated for post-operative management in pediatric patients younger than 18 years of age following tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy [see Contraindications (4) ] . Avoid the use of TUXARIN ER in adolescents 12 to 18 years of age who have other risk factors that may increase their sensitivity to the respiratory depressant effects of codeine unless the benefits outweigh the risks. Risk factors include conditions associated with hypoventilation, such as postoperative status, obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, severe pulmonary disease, neuromuscular disease, and concomitant use of other medications that cause respiratory depression. [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ] . 8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies have not been conducted with TUXARIN ER in geriatric populations. Use caution when considering the use of TUXARIN ER in patients 65 years of age or older. Elderly patients may have increased sensitivity to codeine; greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function; or concomitant disease or other drug therapy [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ]. Respiratory depression is the chief risk for elderly patients treated with opioids, including TUXARIN ER. Respiratory depression has occurred after large initial doses of opioids were administered to patients who were not opioid-tolerant or when opioids were co-administered with other agents that depress respiration [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.5 , 5.9) ]. Codeine is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of adverse reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, monitor these patients closely for respiratory depression, sedation, and hypotension. 8.6 Renal Impairment The pharmacokinetics of TUXARIN ER has not been characterized in patients with renal impairment. Codeine pharmacokinetics may be altered in patients with renal failure. Clearance may be decreased and the metabolites may accumulate to much higher plasma levels in patients with renal failure as compared to patients with normal renal function. Chlorpheniramine is cleared substantially by the kidney. As such, impaired renal function could potentially lead to the risk of decreased clearance and thereby increased retention or systemic levels of chlorpheniramine. Therefore, TUXARIN ER should be used with caution in patients with severe impairment of renal function, and patients should be monitored closely for signs of hydrocodone toxicity (respiratory depression, sedation, and hypotension) and chlorpheniramine toxicity. 8.7 Hepatic Impairment No formal studies have been conducted in patients with hepatic impairment so the pharmacokinetics of TUXARIN ER in this patient population are unknown. Chlorpheniramine is extensively metabolized by liver before elimination from the body. As such, impaired hepatic function could potentially lead to the risk of decreased metabolism and thereby increased systemic levels of chlorpheniramine. Therefore, TUXARIN ER should be used with caution in patients with severe impairment of hepatic function, and patients should be monitored closely for signs of hydrocodone toxicity (respiratory depression, sedation, and hypotension) and chlorpheniramine toxicity.

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING TUXARIN ER (codeine phosphate and chlorpheniramine maleate) 54.3 mg/ 8 mg extended-release tablets, are white to off-white, uncoated, standard round tablets, debossed with MP on one side and CC on the other side. Supplied in bottles of 30 tablets (NDC 71269-040-30) and 100 tablets (NDC 71269-040-10). Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container, as defined in the USP, with a child-resistant closure. Keep this and all medicine out of reach of children.

Store at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container, as defined in the USP, with a child-resistant closure. Keep this and all medicine out of reach of children.

WARNING: ADDICTION, ABUSE, AND MISUSE; LIFE-THREATENING RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION; ACCIDENTIAL INGESTION; ULTRA-RAPID METABOLISM OF CODEINE AND OTHER RISK FACTORS FOR LIFE-THREATENING RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION IN CHILDREN; MEDICATION ERRORS; INTERACTIONS WITH DRUGS AFFECTING CYTOCHROME P450 ISOENZYMES; CONCOMITANT USE WITH BENZODIAZEPINES OR OTHER CNS DEPRESSANTS; NEONATAL OPOID WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME WARNING: ADDICTION, ABUSE, AND MISUSE; LIFE-THREATENING RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION; ACCIDENTIAL INGESTION; ULTRA-RAPID METABOLISM OF CODEINE AND OTHER RISK FACTORS FOR LIFE-THREATENING RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION IN CHILDREN; MEDICATION ERRORS; INTERACTIONS WITH DRUGS AFFECTING CYTOCHROME P450 ISOENZYMES; CONCOMITANT USE WITH BENZODIAZEPINES OR OTHER CNS DEPRESSANTS; NEONATAL OPOID WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. TUXARIN ER exposes users to risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse, which can lead to overdose and death. Assess patient's risk before prescribing and monitor closely for these behaviors and conditions. ( 5.1 ) Serious, life-threatening, or fatal respiratory depression may occur. Monitor closely, especially upon initiation or when used in patients at higher risk. ( 5.2 ) Accidental ingestion of TUXARIN ER, especially by children, can result in a fatal overdose of codeine. ( 5.2 ) Life-threatening respiratory depression and death have occurred in children who received codeine; most cases followed tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy, and many of the children had evidence of being an ultra-rapid metabolizer of codeine due to a CYP2D6 polymorphism. ( 5.3 ) TUXARIN ER is contraindicated in children younger than 12 years of age and in children younger than 18 years of age following tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. ( 4 ) Avoid the use of TUXARIN ER in adolescents 12 to 18 years of age who have other risk factors that may increase their sensitivity to the respiratory depressant effects of codeine. Ensure accuracy when prescribing, dispensing, and administering TUXARIN ER. Dosing errors can result in accidental overdose and death. ( 2.1 , 5.6 ) The effects of concomitant use or discontinuation of cytochrome P450 3A4 inducers, 3A4 inhibitors, or 2D6 inhibitors with codeine are complex, requiring careful consideration of the effects on the parent drug, codeine, and the active metabolite, morphine. Avoid the use of TUXARIN ER in these patients. ( 5.4 , 7.1 , 7.2 , 7.4 ) Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Avoid the use of TUXARIN ER in patients taking benzodiazepines, other CNS depressants, or alcohol. ( 5.9 , 7.5 ) TUXARIN ER is not recommended for use in pregnant women. Prolonged use of TUXARIN ER during pregnancy can result in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, which may be life-threatening if not recognized and treated. If TUXARIN ER is used for a prolonged period in a pregnant woman, advise the patient of the risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome and ensure that appropriate treatment will be available. ( 5.15 , 8.1 ) Addiction, Abuse, and Misuse TUXARIN ER exposes patients and other users to the risks of opioid addiction, abuse, and misuse, which can lead to overdose and death. Reserve TUXARIN ER for use in adult patients for whom the benefits of cough suppression are expected to outweigh the risks, and in whom an adequate assessment of the etiology of the cough has been made. Assess each patient's risk prior to prescribing TUXARIN ER, prescribe TUXARIN ER for the shortest duration that is consistent with individual patient treatment goals , monitor all patients regularly for the development of addition or abuse, and refill only after reevaluation of the need for continued treatment. [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] Life-Threatening Respiratory Depression Serious, life-threatening, or fatal respiratory depression may occur with use of TUXARIN ER. Monitor for respiratory depression, especially during initiation of TUXARIN ER therapy or when used in patients at higher risk [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . Accidental Ingestion Accidental ingestion of even one dose of TUXARIN ER, especially by children, can result in a fatal overdose of codeine [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ]. Ultra-Rapid Metabolism of Codeine and Other Risk Factors for Life-Threatening Respiratory Depression in Children Life threatening respiratory depression and death have occurred in children who received codeine. Most of the reported cases occurred following tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy, and many of the children had evidence of being an ultra-rapid metabolizer of codeine due to a CYP2D6 polymorphism. [ See Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ]. TUXARIN ER is contraindicated in children younger than 12 years of age and in children younger than 18 years of age following tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy [ See Contraindications (4) ]. Avoid the use of TUXARIN ER in adolescents 12 to 18 years of age who have other risk factors that may increase their sensitivity to the respiratory depressant effects of codeine. [ See Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. Risk of Medication Errors Ensure accuracy when prescribing, dispensing, and administering TUXARIN ER. Dosing errors can result in accidental overdose and death. [ see Dosage and Administration (2.1) , Warnings and Precautions (5.6) ]. Interactions with Drugs Affecting Cytochrome P450 Isoenzymes The effects of concomitant use or discontinuation of cytochrome P450 3A4 inducers, 3A4 inhibitors, or 2D6 inhibitors with codeine are complex, requiring careful consideration of the effects on the parent drug, codeine, and the active metabolite, morphine. Avoid the use of TUXARIN ER in patients who are taking a CYP3A4 inhibitor, CYP3A4 inducer, or 2D6 inhibitor [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.8) , Drug Interactions (7.1 , 7.2 , 7.4) ]. Risks from Concomitant Use with Benzodiazepines, CNS Depressants Concomitant use of opioids with benzodiazepines or other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including alcohol, may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Avoid use of TUXARIN ER in patients taking benzodiazepines, other CNS depressants, or alcohol. [ see Warning and Precautions (5.9) Drug Interactions (7.5) ]. Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome TUXARIN ER is not recommended for use in pregnant women [ see Use in Specific Populations (8.1) ]. Prolonged use of TUXARIN ER during pregnancy can result in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, which may be life-threatening if not recognized and treated, and requires management according to protocols developed by neonatology experts. If TUXARIN ER is used for a prolonged period in a pregnant woman, advise the patient of the risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome and ensure that appropriate treatment will be available [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.15) ].